Clock arithmetic · exact BigInt

🕰️ Modular Arithmetic

Type a and n to get a mod n the mathematician's way: negative numbers land in 0…n−1, unlike the % operator in JS, Go or C. Exact BigInt for huge numbers, visualised on a clock dial.

mod = 5

b = e =

(a + b) mod n

(a − b) mod n

(a · b) mod n

a^e mod nfast power

gcd(a, n)

a⁻¹ mod n

Modular arithmetic is everywhere: clock hours (mod 12), weekdays (mod 7), the last digit (mod 10), checksums on ID numbers, hash tables, and RSA encryption — whose whole trick is that a^e mod n is easy but undoing it is hard. The inverse a⁻¹ exists only when gcd(a, n) = 1.