Hormones travel by blood, far slower than nerve signals, but in exchange they reach every cell carrying the right receptor. The hypothalamus releases TRH, the pituitary TSH, the thyroid T4, and T4 then turns back to suppress both glands above it; that negative-feedback loop keeps oscillating rather than sitting still. Hyperthyroidism sends T4 surging while TSH is crushed to the floor; hypothyroidism inverts the pattern, with high TSH and stubbornly low T4.
Hormones travel by blood, far slower than nerve signals, but in exchange they reach every cell carrying the right receptor. The hypothalamus releases TRH, the pituitary TSH, the thyroid T4, and T4 then turns back to suppress both glands above it; that negative-feedback loop keeps oscillating rather than sitting still. Hyperthyroidism sends T4 surging while TSH is crushed to the floor; hypothyroidism inverts the pattern, with high TSH and stubbornly low T4.
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