No body beyond Earth has yet reached the top rung of the confidence ladder. The three lower rungs have been touched: favourable conditions in the liquid-water zone around several kinds of star, organic molecules recovered from meteorites and comets, and a few suspect signals read off exoplanet atmospheric spectra. Confirmation demands ruling out every non-biological explanation, and that is where each candidate so far has stalled. The Drake equation multiplies seven factors of which the last few are simply unknown, so the estimate stretches from near zero to millions.
No body beyond Earth has yet reached the top rung of the confidence ladder. The three lower rungs have been touched: favourable conditions in the liquid-water zone around several kinds of star, organic molecules recovered from meteorites and comets, and a few suspect signals read off exoplanet atmospheric spectra. Confirmation demands ruling out every non-biological explanation, and that is where each candidate so far has stalled. The Drake equation multiplies seven factors of which the last few are simply unknown, so the estimate stretches from near zero to millions.
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